John 1:1–5 约翰福音 1:1–5

Semantic architecture · asyndetic chain linked by καί, repetition & anaphora — from the Greek text
No grounds / inference / condition connective appears in vv.1–5 — every link below is καί (addition), asyndeton (unmarked, v.2–v.4 openings), or a repetition/anaphora thread. v.1 v.2 v.3 v.4 v.5 CLAIM · v.1a Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος ἦν — impf act ind 3sg καί — addition CLAIM · v.1b καὶ ὁ Λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν Θεόν ἦν — impf act ind 3sg καί — addition CLAIM · v.1c καὶ Θεὸς ἦν ὁ Λόγος Θεὸς fronted, anarthrous unmarked — asyndeton CLAIM · v.2 Οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν Θεόν Οὗτος — anaphora (demonstrative) unmarked — asyndeton CLAIM · v.3a πάντα δι᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο δι᾽ / χωρίς — means / privation καί — addition CONTRAST · v.3b καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν ὃ γέγονεν γέγονεν perf ind (result) vs. aor ἐγένετο unmarked — asyndeton CLAIM · v.4a ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν ζωὴ — anarthrous καί — addition CLAIM · v.4b καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὸ φῶς — predicate nom. καί — addition CLAIM · v.5a καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει φαίνει — pres act ind 3sg καὶ οὐ — added negation CONTRAST · v.5b καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν κατέλαβεν — aor act ind 3sg, neg οὐ Λόγος — inclusio (v.1) Θεόν / Θεὸς — repetition Οὗτος — anaphora αὐτοῦ — anaphora ζωὴ — repetition φῶς — repetition (v.4→v.5) αὐτὸ — anaphora

Interlinear · text verbatim from source database

1:1太初有道，道与神同在，道就是神。
Ἐν
prep
in/on/among
ἀρχῇ
dat sg fem
beginning
太初
ἦν
impf act ind 3sg
to be
有
ὁ
art nom sg masc
the/this/who
Λόγος
nom sg masc
word
道
καὶ
conj
and
ὁ
art nom sg masc
the/this/who
Λόγος
nom sg masc
word
道
ἦν
impf act ind 3sg
to be
πρὸς
prep
to/with
同在
τὸν
art acc sg masc
the/this/who
Θεόν
acc sg masc
God
神
καὶ
conj
and
Θεὸς
nom sg masc
God
神
ἦν
impf act ind 3sg
to be
就是
ὁ
art nom sg masc
the/this/who
Λόγος
nom sg masc
word
道
1:2这道太初与神同在。
Οὗτος
dem pron nom sg masc
this/he/she/it
这道
ἦν
impf act ind 3sg
to be
ἐν
prep
in/on/among
ἀρχῇ
dat sg fem
beginning
太初
πρὸς
prep
to/with
同在
τὸν
art acc sg masc
the/this/who
Θεόν
acc sg masc
God
神
1:3万物是借着他造的；凡被造的，没有一样不是借着他造的。
πάντα
adj nom pl neut
all
万物
δι᾽
prep
through/because of
是借着
αὐτοῦ
pron gen sg masc
he/she/it/self
他
ἐγένετο
aor mid(dep) ind 3sg
to be
造的
καὶ
conj
and
χωρὶς
prep
without
不是
αὐτοῦ
pron gen sg masc
he/she/it/self
借着他
ἐγένετο
aor mid(dep) ind 3sg
to be
被造的
οὐδὲ
neg conj
and not
没有
ἕν
adj nom sg neut
one
一样
ὃ
rel pron nom sg neut
which
凡
γέγονεν
perf act ind 3sg
to be
造的
1:4生命在他里头，这生命就是人的光。
ἐν
prep
in/on/among
在
αὐτῷ
pron dat sg masc
he/she/it/self
他
ζωὴ
nom sg fem
life
生命
ἦν
impf act ind 3sg
to be
καὶ
conj
and
ἡ
art nom sg fem
the/this/who
这
ζωὴ
nom sg fem
life
生命
ἦν
impf act ind 3sg
to be
就是
τὸ
art nom sg neut
the/this/who
φῶς
nom sg neut
light
光
τῶν
art gen pl masc
the/this/who
的
ἀνθρώπων
gen pl masc
a human
人
1:5光照在黑暗里，黑暗却不接受光。
καὶ
conj
and
τὸ
art nom sg neut
the/this/who
φῶς
nom sg neut
light
光
ἐν
prep
in/on/among
在
τῇ
art dat sg fem
the/this/who
σκοτίᾳ
dat sg fem
darkness
黑暗
φαίνει
pres act ind 3sg
to shine/appear
照
καὶ
conj
and
却
ἡ
art nom sg fem
the/this/who
σκοτία
nom sg fem
darkness
黑暗
αὐτὸ
pron acc sg neut
he/she/it/self
光
οὐ
neg part
no
不
κατέλαβεν
aor act ind 3sg
to take/realize
接受
claim contrast / negation addition (καί) unmarked (asyndeton) repetition / anaphora